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Nutritional Components of Mushrooms

A balanced diet
Before we delve into the ingredients of mushrooms, it is important to mention that no food is healthy on its own. Instead, it is the combination of various foods that ensures the intake of vitamins, minerals, and proteins is met. Mushrooms are generally considered healthy because they contain large amounts of proteins, vitamins (B1, B2, C), and minerals. Additionally, they have a low fat content. Furthermore, several mushroom species have a proven effect on blood pressure, cancer conditions, and viruses.
Protein
Since the human body cannot produce proteins on its own, they must be obtained through food. In terms of dry weight, mushrooms have a relatively high protein content of 19 – 35%.
The actual availability of the protein in the human body is determined by the amino acids that make up the protein. Mushrooms contain all the essential amino acids for the human body, as well as most of the non-essential ones. The protein in animal products is generally better balanced than in plant-based products. For example, grains have a very low content of lysine. However, in mushrooms, lysine is the most abundant amino acid. Due to this fact, protein from mushrooms can be a very good supplement to the diet, especially for vegetarians.
Fats
The fat content in mushrooms, based on dry weight, ranges from 1% to 8%, with an average of 4%. Of the total fat content, 72% consists of unsaturated fatty acids, primarily linoleic acid. Saturated fatty acids, which are mainly found in animal products, are considered harmful to health. Another reason why mushrooms are known as healthy foods is their high content of unsaturated fatty acids.
Vitamins and minerals
Mushrooms are a good source of vitamins, such as thiamine (Vitamin B1), riboflavin (Vitamin B2), niacin (Vitamin B3), biotin (Vitamin B7), and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).
Additionally, mushrooms contain significant amounts of the minerals phosphorus, sodium, and potassium, as well as a slightly lower amount of calcium.
Carbohydrates and dietary fiber
An important part of a healthy diet is fiber. In today’s society, many highly processed foods are available that contain a low amount of fiber. Fresh mushrooms, on the other hand, have a relatively high percentage of fiber and carbohydrates. The calorie content of one kilogram of fresh mushrooms ranges between 265 and 400 kcal.

Source:

Mushroom Cultivation IV – Peter Oei (2018)

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