Oyster mushroom plug spawn: how to inoculate your logs
Oyster mushrooms are robust and grow on many hardwoods – the ideal mushroom for your first mushroom log in the garden. This guide takes you through it step by step.
What you need
- Freshly cut hardwood logs: approx. 1 m long, 10–25 cm diameter, no older than one month
- Organic Oyster Mushroom plug spawn (100 plugs are enough for 2–4 logs)
- Drill with an 8.5 or 9 mm bit
- Hammer
- Gypsum, beeswax, cheese wax or candle wax for sealing
Until you start: keep chilled
Store the plugs in the fridge until use – they keep for 6–12 months. The fresher they are, the faster the mycelium grows into the wood.
Step by step to your mushroom log
1. Drill holes
Drill 25–50 holes into the log (depending on thickness) in a diamond pattern. The holes should be deep enough for the plugs to sink in completely.
2. Inoculate
Hammer the plugs into the drilled holes.
3. Seal the holes
Seal the inoculation points well with gypsum or beeswax. This protects against drying out and against other fungi.
4. Let it colonise
Stand or lay the inoculated logs outdoors in a shady, damp, sheltered spot, without direct ground contact. Moisten them regularly in the first weeks and months – especially in dry weather.
5. Set up for fruiting
Depending on the wood, the logs are colonised after 8–24 months – the mycelium is then visible on the cut ends. Now bury one end of each log 20–30 cm into the ground (or about ⅓ upright). Contact with the soil supplies moisture and benefits growth. Oyster mushrooms fruit mainly in autumn and spring in cool, damp weather.
Which wood is suitable?
Oyster mushrooms grow on almost all hardwoods, e.g. beech, alder, poplar, willow or birch. Softer hardwoods (e.g. alder, willow) colonise faster but produce for a shorter time. Dense hardwoods (e.g. beech, oak) colonise more slowly but yield over a longer period. Depending on wood and location you can harvest for 3–5 years.
Extra tips
- If the wood is already 1–2 months old, submerge the logs in a rain barrel for 24–48 hours to rehydrate them.
- With older wood, cut a few centimetres off the top and bottom. This removes any fungi that may already have settled there from the air.
- Inoculate ideally in spring or autumn.
Conditions for Oyster Mushrooms
Fruiting initiation
- Temperature6–15 °C
- Humidity90–95 %
During fruiting
- Temperature5–20 °C
- Humidityabove 85 %
- Fresh air (CO₂)< 800 ppm
- Light800–1500 Lux, indirect
On outdoor logs the mushrooms fruit seasonally – whenever the weather is damp and the temperature suits the species.
Values from the book “Faszination Pilzzucht” by Sebastian Reindl (Stocker Verlag) and from our own practice at our mushroom farm in Schleedorf, Austria.
Troubleshooting
No mycelium on the cut ends after a year
Dense hardwood can take up to 24 months. Keep the log moist and give it time. White mycelium on the cut ends shows it is colonised.
Other fungi are growing on the log
Foreign fungi usually come in through old wood or open cut surfaces. That's why you should use fresh wood and seal all holes well.
No growth, or only weak growth?
Have a look at our FAQ or get in touch via our contact form – ideally with a photo. We are happy to help.
The detailed illustrated guide is in our article Guide for mushroom cultivation on logs.
FAQ about plug spawn
How many plugs do I need?
For a log 1 m long and 10–20 cm in diameter, 25–50 plugs. So 100 plugs are enough for 2–4 logs.
When will I get the first mushrooms?
Depending on the wood, after 8–24 months. After that the log produces for many years.
Why does the wood have to be fresh?
Fresh wood has no foreign fungi yet and enough moisture. Ideally the wood is no older than one month.
Can I use softwood (conifers)?
No, for Oyster Mushrooms please only use hardwood.
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